Scientists create cloak of invisibility

By RANDOLPH E. SCHMID, AP Science Writer 1 hour, 13 minutes ago

WASHINGTON - Scientists are boldly going where only fiction has gone before — to develop a Cloak of Invisibility. It isn't quite ready to hide a Romulan space ship from Capt. James T. Kirk or to disguise
Harry Potter, but it is a significant start and could show the way to more sophisticated designs.

In this first successful experiment, researchers from the United States and England were able to cloak a copper cylinder.

It's like a mirage, where heat causes the bending of light rays and cloaks the road ahead behind an image of the sky.

"We have built an artificial mirage that can hide something from would-be observers in any direction," said cloak designer David Schurig, a research associate in Duke University's electrical and computer engineering department.

For their first attempt, the researchers designed a cloak that prevents microwaves from detecting objects. Like light and radar waves, microwaves usually bounce off objects, making them visible to instruments and creating a shadow that can be detected.

Cloaking used special materials to deflect radar or light or other waves around an object, like water flowing around a smooth rock in a stream. It differs from stealth technology, which does not make an aircraft invisible but reduces the cross-section available to radar, making it hard to track.

The new work points the way for an improved version that could hide people and objects from visible light.

Conceptually, the chance of adapting the concept to visible light is good, Schurig said in a telephone interview. But, he added, "From an engineering point of view it is very challenging."

The cloaking of a cylinder from microwaves comes just five months after Schurig and colleagues published their theory that it should be possible. Their work is reported in a paper in Friday's issue of the journal Science.

"We did this work very quickly ... and that led to a cloak that is not optimal," said co-author David R. Smith, also of Duke. "We know how to make a much better one."

The first working cloak was in only two dimensions and did cast a small shadow, Smith said. The next step is to go for three dimensions and to eliminate any shadow.

Viewers can see things because objects scatter the light that strikes them, reflecting some of it back to the eye.

"The cloak reduces both an object's reflection and its shadow, either of which would enable its detection," Smith said.

The cloak is made of metamaterials, which are mixtures of metal and circuit board materials such as ceramic, Teflon or fiber composite.

In an ideal situation, the cloak and the item it is hiding would be invisible. An observer would see whatever is beyond them, with no evidence the cloaked item exists.

"Since we do not have a perfect cloak at this point, there is some reflection and some shadow, meaning that the background would still be visible just darkened somewhat. ... We now just need to improve the performance of cloaking structures."

In a very speculative application, he added, "one could imagine 'cloaking' acoustic waves, so as to shield a region from vibration or seismic activity."

Natalia M. Litchinitser, a researcher at the University of Michigan department of electrical engineering and computer science who was not part of the research team, said the ideas raised by the work "represent a first step toward the development of functional materials for a wide spectrum of civil and military applications."

Joining Schurig and Smith in the project were researchers at Imperial College in London and SensorMetrix, a materials and technology company in San Diego.

The research was supported by the Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program and the United Kingdom Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.
Source

Hey Gypsylass, I could have used that for my rear end.
Would have been great if my behind would had been invisible.
Now it has been so large with all the bandages that I think they
can see it from outer space. Wait that is not that
funny is it.

That is one technology that I might really like.

That is something what the scientists are working on, but
it surely can be dangerous getting something like that in
the hands of the evil people.

They will only find destructive things to do with that technology.

How have you been feeling lately?
love,
rosie

Anyone ever here about the Philadelphia project? I think that was an early form of cloking experimentation gone awry.

Space-Time Compression:

What is Space-Time Compression and how is it related to Special Relativity and General Relativity? Space-Time Compression is the relativistic effect of reducing the measured distance and light travel-time between two points in space as a result of the presence of either:

Two or more inertial reference frames where relativistic velocities (velocities of a significant fraction of the velocity of light) between the reference frames are involved -- Special Relativity. A spacecraft traveling at 0.98c (98% of the velocity of light) relative to Earth represents an example of two separate inertial reference frames, one reference frame (the spacecraft) is moving at a relativistic velocity when compared to the to the other reference frame (the Earth).


Accelerated reference frames defined by either the physical acceleration, or change in velocity, of an object of interest relative to a point of reference in Space-Time in the presence of an acceleration field -- General Relativity. An example of an accelerated reference frame is that of the Sun’s gravitational field, equal to 27.8g, near the Solar surface.


Space-Time Compression occurs because of the invariance of the measured, or observed, velocity of light independent what inertial or accelerated reference frame the observer exists within or externally observes.



Inertial Reference Frames:


One way to quantitatively observe the Space-Time compression effect is to look at the blue right triangle within a quarter circle of unity radius (radius, r = 1) displayed in Figure 7, below. The hypotenuse of the triange is the side of the blue triangle starting from the center of the circle moving diagonally upward and to the right with a length unity, or 1, and equal to the radius of the quarter circle. The hypotenuse of the blue right triangle represents the velocity of light, c, as a fraction of the velocity of light, c, which, of course, is c/c = 1. The vertical side of the blue right triangle is the ratio of the velocity of the spacecraft to that of the velocity of light, or v/c. The vertical side of the blue right triangle is the “opposite side” from the angle formed by the hypotenuse of the blue right triangle, or the radius of the quarter circle, and the horizontal leg of the blue right triangle. That angle is represented by the Greek letter θ (Theta). The length of the vertical side of the blue right triangle is equal to sinθ, therefore, v/c = sinθ. The horizontal side of the blue right triangle represents the amount of Space-Time Compression that reduces the distance between two points in Space-Time (length contraction) and reduces the time it takes light to travel between the two points (time dilation) based on the velocity of the spacecraft relative to the velocity of light. The length of the horizontal side of the blue right triangle is equal to cosθ The “Space-Time Compression Factor” is the multiplicative inverse of the value of length of the horizontal side of the blue right triangle equal to 1/cosθ, or secθ, and is designated by the Greek Letter γ (Gamma). The length contraction and time dilation can be determined by solving for the length of the horizontal side of the triangle using the Pythagorean Theorem.





Figure 7: Application of Pythagorean Theorem
to Special Relativity


sin2θ + cos2θ = 1
v/c = sinθ
Substitute v/c for sinθ, then solve for cosθ
(v/c)2 + cos2θ = 1
cos2θ = 1 – (v/c)2
cosθ = [1 – (v/c)2]1/2
1/cosθ = secθ = 1/[1 – (v/c)2]1/2 = “Space-Time Compression Factor”
Therefore, the distance between the Earth and the star of interest 10 light-years away as measured by the observer in the spacecraft moving at a velocity, v, is defined as follows:

d = d0 [1 – (v/c)2]1/2
Where d0 is the measured distance to the star of interest in “normal Space-Time” as measured by the observer on the Earth and d is the Compressed Space-Time distance as measured by the observer in the spacecraft moving at a velocity, v. The reduction of time for light to travel the distance between the star of interest and spacecraft in the vicinity of Earth is affected in the same manner by Space-Time Compression. Einstein noted the equivalence of space and time, hence the term Space-Time is used. The relationship of space and time is as follows:

d = ct
d represents distance, c represents the velocity of light, and t represents elapsed time. Substituting ct for d and ct0 for d0, the distance compression equation can become a time dilation equation.

ct = ct0 [1 – (v/c)2]1/2
Therefore: t = t0 [1 – (v/c)2]1/2
The following table provides the values for length contraction and Space-Time Compression Factor" as a function of velocity relative to the velocity of light, c = 2.9975 x 105 km/sec.


Table 1: Velocity and Space-Time Compression Angle
θ
Degrees Spacecraft Velocity
= v = ©(sinθ)
Where v in units of c Distance/Time
Reduction
= cosθ = [1 – (v/c)]1/2] Space-Time
Compression Factor
= 1/cosθ = secθ = γ
0.000 0.000 1.000 1.000
2.866 0.050 0.999 1.001
5.739 0.100 0.995 1.005
8.627 0.150 0.989 1.011
11.537 0.200 0.980 1.021
14.478 0.250 0.968 1.033
17.458 0.300 0.954 1.048
20.487 0.350 0.937 1.068
23.578 0.400 0.917 1.091
26.744 0.450 0.893 1.120
30.000 0.500 0.866 1.155
33.367 0.550 0.835 1.197
36.870 0.600 0.800 1.250
40.542 0.650 0.760 1.316
44.427 0.700 0.714 1.400
45.000 0.707 0.707 1.414
48.590 0.750 0.661 1.512
53.130 0.800 0.600 1.667
58.212 0.850 0.527 1.898
60.000 0.866 0.500 2.000
64.158 0.900 0.436 2.294
71.805 0.950 0.312 3.203
75.930 0.970 0.243 4.113
78.522 0.980 0.199 5.025
81.890 0.990 0.141 7.470
84.268 0.995 0.100 10.013
85.000 0.996 0.087 11.474
85.561 0.997 0.077 12.920
86.376 0.998 0.063 15.819
87.437 0.999 0.045 22.366



As one can see from the Table 1 data, above, relative velocities do not contribute much to the Space-Time Compression effect unless the relative velocity is very, very close to the velocity of light. At a velocity of 0.995c, the Space-Time


WE CAN ALL UDERSTAND THAT!

This is the Philadelphia Experiment:


U.S. NAVY OFFICIAL RECORD:
THE PHILADELPHIA EXPERIMENT

DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY -- NAVAL HISTORICAL CENTER
805 KIDDER BREESE SE -- WASHINGTON NAVY YARD
WASHINGTON DC 20374-5060




Allegedly, in the fall of 1943 a U.S. Navy destroyer was made invisible and teleported from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Norfolk, Virginia, in an incident known as the Philadelphia Experiment. Records in the Operational Archives Branch of the Naval Historical Center have been repeatedly searched, but no documents have been located which confirm the event, or any interest by the Navy in attempting such an achievement.

The ship involved in the experiment was supposedly the U.S.S. Eldridge. Operational Archives has reviewed the deck log and war diary from Eldridge’s commissioning on 27 August 1943 at the New York Navy Yard through December 1943. The following description of Eldridge’s activities are summarized from the ship’s war diary. After commissioning, Eldridge remained in New York and in the Long Island Sound until 16 September when it sailed to Bermuda. From 18 September, the ship was in the vicinity of Bermuda undergoing training and sea trials until 15 October when Eldridge left in a convoy for New York where the convoy entered on 18 October. Eldridge remained in New York harbor until 1 November when it was part of the escort for Convoy UGS-23 (New York Section). On 2 November the convoy entered Naval Operating Base, Norfolk. On 3 November, Eldridge and Convoy UGS-23 left for Casablanca where it arrived on 22 November. On 29 November, Eldridge left as one of escorts for Convoy GUS-22 and arrived with the convoy on 17 December at New York harbor. Eldridge remained in New York on availability training and in Block Island Sound until 31 December when it steamed to Norfolk with four other ships. During this time frame, Eldridge was never in Philadelphia.

Eldridge’s complete World War II action report and war diary coverage, including the remarks section of the 1943 deck log, is available on microfilm, NRS-1978-26. The cost of a duplicate film is indicated on the fee schedule. To order a duplicate film, please complete the duplication order form and send a check or money order for the correct amount as indicated on the NHC fee schedule, made payable to the Department of the Navy, to the Operational Archives, at the above address.

Supposedly, the crew of the civilian merchant ship SS Andrew Furuseth observed the arrival via teleportation of the Eldridge into the Norfolk area. Andrew Furuseth’s movement report cards are in the Tenth Fleet records in the custody of the Modern Military Branch, National Archives and Records Admnistration, (8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001), which also has custody of the action reports, war diaries and deck logs of all World War II Navy ships, including Eldridge. The movement report cards list the merchant ship’s ports of call, the dates of the visit, and convoy designation, if any. The movement report card shows that Andrew Furuseth left Norfolk with Convoy UGS-15 on 16 August 1943 and arrived at Casablanca on 2 September. The ship left Casablanca on 19 September and arrived off Cape Henry on 4 October. Andrew Furuseth left Norfolk with Convoy UGS-22 on 25 October and arrived at Oran on 12 November. The ship remained in the Mediterranean until it returned with Convoy GUS-25 to Hampton Roads on 17 January 1944. The Archives has a letter from Lieutenant Junior Grade William S. Dodge, USNR, (Ret.), the Master of Andrew Furuseth in 1943, categorically denying that he or his crew observed any unusual event while in Norfolk. Eldridge and Andrew Furuseth were not even in Norfolk at the same time.

The Office of Naval Research (ONR) has stated that the use of force fields to make a ship and her crew invisible does not conform to known physical laws. ONR also claims that Dr. Albert Einstein’s Unified Field Theory was never completed. During 1943-1944, Einstein was a part-time consultant with the Navy’s Bureau of Ordnance, undertaking theoretical research on explosives and explosions. There is no indication that Einstein was involved in research relevant to invisibility or to teleportation. ONR’s information sheet on the Philadelphia Experiment is attached.

The Philadelphia Experiment has also been called “Project Rainbow.” A comprehensive search of the Archives has failed to identify records of a Project Rainbow relating to teleportation or making a ship disappear. In the 1940s, the code name RAINBOW was used to refer to the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis. The RAINBOW plans were the war plans to defeat Italy, Germany and Japan. RAINBOW V, the plan in effect on 7 December 1941 when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, was the plan the U.S. used to fight the Axis powers.

Some researchers have erroneously concluded that degaussing has a connection with making an object invisible. Degaussing is a process in which a system of electrical cables are installed around the circumference of ship’s hull, running from bow to stern on both sides. A measured electrical current is passed through these cables to cancel out the ship’s magnetic field. Degaussing equipment was installed in the hull of Navy ships and could be turned on whenever the ship was in waters that might contain magnetic mines, usually shallow waters in combat areas. It could be said that degaussing, correctly done, makes a ship “invisible” to the sensors of magnetic mines, but the ship remains visible to the human eye, radar, and underwater listening devices.

After many years of searching, the staff of the Operational Archives and independent researchers have not located any official documents that support the assertion that an invisibility or teleportation experiment involving a Navy ship occurred at Philadelphia or any other location.

28 November 2000

REFERENCE: http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq21-1.htm

USS Eldridge, a 1240-ton Cannon class destroyer escort built at Newark, New Jersey, was commissioned in August 1943. She was employed on escort duties in the Atlantic until May 1945, when she departed for service in the Pacific. Eldridge was decommissioned in July 1946 and placed in the Reserve Fleet. In January 1951, she was transferred to the Greek Navy, in which she served as Leon into the 1990s.

"The Office of Naval Research (ONR) has stated that the use of force fields to make a ship and her crew invisible does not conform to known physical laws. ONR also claims that Dr. Albert Einstein’s Unified Field Theory was never completed. During 1943-1944, Einstein was a part-time consultant with the Navy’s Bureau of Ordnance, undertaking theoretical research on explosives and explosions. There is no indication that Einstein was involved in research relevant to invisibility or to teleportation. ONR’s information sheet on the Philadelphia Experiment is attached."

The problem with ONR's explanation is that Tesla was the contributor to electro-magnetic field experiments and not Einsetin. Tesla's work has contributed to the theory on space travel as well and was far ahead of his time even before Einstein developed the Unified Field Theory. Tesla was able to even cause earthquakes during his odd experiemnts with electro-magnetic energy. The US Givernement seized all of Tesla's work after he died.

As soon as I get my doctorates in hexadecimal binary equations, physics, logarithems, and space-time continuations I'll get it. Until then, HUH???

Your sister in Christ, Angela

Now there's a use for invisibility I never thought of!! ::giggle:: I am feeling better, but still working on avoiding sugar.....I miss my chocolate

Angela, I am gald that I am not the only that didn't understand that.
I just scratched my head-well it was itchy anyway, but I too went huh!

I just don't understand that stuff. I think I got lost after the first sentence.
Got a headache and went and ate a donut.

So what I am saying is when I don't understand something I go and eat.
Gee now that I think of it I have been eating way too much lately.
Now me not understanding some things has got me depressed. Only because
I have gained some weight. I am not really depressed that I don't understand
that material. I never have and I got used to that. Now the weight gain I am
not used to and either is my husband Awe he will get over it. I hope.

I am sorry I think I just had way too much sugar today

I am sending you a sugary kiss-for today I just have to keep it simple sweetheart.

love,
rosie



Oh I am glad that you are feeling better.
I love chocolate too.
Now here is a topic I understand.
I understand I shouldn't eat so much chocolate and I haven't listened.

The other day my husband said rosie you are going to turn into
a Reeces peanut butter cup.
I just love those things.

How about I stop eating them and we encourage each other to avoid the sugar.
Let's be a team.

love,
rosie

I'm investigating the many uses of Splenda I'll share any good sweet recipes with ya Rosie!

That would be great Gypsylass.
Thanks.

Sounds like that could be used for some great trickery to me! Deception City!
Just one more thing that points to the End!


Yes Rosie I wish your Behind would have been Inkogneeto to!

Would have saved you alot of pain!



Your Friend in Christ,
Val

Messiahiscoming

You might want to the careful with Splenda as it has poison in it. Nutrasweet is no better either.

What is the chemical makeup of Splenda®?

Sucralose also known as Splenda® is synthesized by this five-step process:


1. sucrose is tritylated with trityl chloride in the presence of dimethylformamide and 4-methylmorpholine and the tritylated sucrose is then acetylated with acetic anhydride,

2. the resulting TRISPA (6,1',6'-tri-O-trityl-penta-O-acetylsucrose) is chlorinated with hydrogen chloride in the presence of toluene,

3. the resulting 4-PAS (sucrose 2,3,4,3',4'-pentaacetate) is heated in the presence of methyl isobutyl ketone and acetic acid,

4. the resulting 6-PAS (sucrose 2,3,6,3',4'-pentaacetate) is chlorinated with thionyl chloride in the presence of toluene and benzyltriethylammonium chloride, and

5. the resulting TOSPA (sucralose pentaacetate) is treated with methanol (wood alcohol, a poison) in the presence of sodium methoxide to produce sucralose.
So sucralose becomes a low-calorie sugar with a complicated process that results in Splenda’s® chemical formula:

1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-BETA-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D -galactopyranoside.

This is Splenda®. Are you sure now you want to be consuming these deadly chemicals?

Sucalrose is also in many food products, including over the counter drug medications, like Rolaids antacid. Also, Listerine's new Citrus mouth wash. Make sure you read the labels.

In addition, it contains these deadly chemicals, some known to cause cancer in animals, some are even listed on the EPA as poisons:

Acetone - Acetic acid - Acetyl alcohol - Acetic anhydride - Ammonium chloride
Benzene - Chlorinated sulfates - Ethyl alcohol - Isobutyl ketones
Formaldehyde
Hydrogen chloride - Lithium chloride
Methanol - Sodium methoxide
Sulfuryl chloride - Trityl chloride - Thionyl chloride - Toulene

Ps- to view article you have to acces the sidebar.
http://www.dldewey.com/hydroil.htm

Wait! Is Splenda aceptable to the AMA? How about the EMA? Or the EPA? Or the FFA? . . . .

I, for one, went on a no carb diet and LIVED of off Splenda for eight months, during which I lost 86 pounds. I'm sure no one would say that chemicals are good for anyone, however, neither is being fat. (I have a major sweet tooth!)
I worked as a quality control technician for a major food production company for four years and trust me, unless it's certified organic, it's got chemicals in it! If not for the processing of the food, like Splenda, then as actual ingredients within, and it's all processed on stainless steel prepared with some really powerful cleansers and disinfectants. (like Macsan and sodium hypochlorite) The shelf-life of some of our products was downright incredible (we sold to restaurants, primarily) and some of the preservatives used came with more HazMat warnings than the sanitizers! Kinda scary.

Your sister in Christ, Angela